Early Intervention (EI)




Early Intervention (EI)

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Early Intervention (EI): Areas of focus

 

Typically there are five primary areas of development that are monitored by early education providers and used to determine eligibility for EI services:

Cognitive – problem solving, critical thinking, sorting

Social-emotional – expressing emotions, interacting with others

Physical – crawling, walking, grasping, drawing

Communication – speaking, listening, understanding

Self-help/Adaptive – dressing, toileting, eating

five primary developmental areas

Cognitive

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Social-Emotional

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Social-Emotional

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Physical

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Adaptive

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Communication

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The process to start EI?

First, a screening takes place upon parent’s/guardian’s request, which may be the result of an early education provider’s recommendation.

The information on this brief screening tool will determine if a child should be evaluated further.

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that all children be screened for general development, both developmental and behavioral, at 9, 18, and 24 or 30 months of age or at any time a family or provider has a concern.

Based on the Screening, a formal evaluation is completed by an EI specialist.

As a result of the formal evaluation process, an evaluation report is completed. The findings in the evaluation report are presented to family/guardians before any services are put into place. Specialized services are determined based on information from the formal evaluation, evaluation report, and family input.

It is possible for a child to be evaluated but not qualify for additional services. 

IFSP, Individualized Family Service Plan or an IEP, Individual Education Program, is developed based on the results of the evaluation if a child is found to be eligible for services. For children ages birth through three, the Individual Family Service Plan (IFSP) is a written, whole family plan.

Formal EI services begin. Early education providers work with the EI team to support skill development that assist the identified child in making gains toward the goals that were established in the IFSP or IEP. Progress monitoring is done throughout the course of the year. It is possible and encouraged that the EI team reconvenes and updates goals if progress is made sooner. Alternately, if progress is not being made as anticipated, it is encouraged to set up a team meeting to reassess the appropriate goals. At no time can changes be made to the IEP or IFSP without family/guardian permission.

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The EI team

The EI team is comprised first and foremost of the family. In addition to the family, the early education staff is encouraged to be a part of the team. Along with the family and early education providers are a number of individuals with expertise in the five primary developmental areas. Below is a list of key ‘experts’ and a brief description of their area of focus. These individuals are most often referred to as “related service providers.”

According to the National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities, “Related services help children with disabilities benefit from their special education by providing extra help and support in needed areas, such as speaking or moving.” Related services can include, but are not limited to, the following:

• Occupational Therapist (OT): An OT’s primary focus is to help individuals become more proficient in their performance of daily living activities and to support an increase in independence. An OT is likely to work with an individual on feeding, toileting, dressing, writing/drawing and sensory motor skills.

• Physical Therapist (PT): A PT’s primary focus is to support the development of functional mobility as a means to improve an individual’s access to the environment and quality of life. A PT is likely to work with an individual on very specific tasks such as moving from a seated position to standing or getting in and out of chair, to more advanced skills such as riding a bike, throwing a ball or alternating feet when going up and down a flight of stairs.



• Speech-Language Pathologist (SLP): The primary focus of a Speech-Language Pathologist (SLP) is to target speech and/or language disorders. An individual may require intervention for one or the other or both. Speech disorders include difficulty with the production of sounds, stuttering/dysfluency, voice quality challenges such as hoarseness, pitch or intonation that distract listeners, and difficulties with feeding and swallowing. An SLP working with individuals with language disorders target the individual’s use of words in conversation, the extent of their vocabulary and their ability to express themselves socially. In addition to using words to express thoughts, needs, etc., individuals must be able to process what is being said to them. An SLP addresses receptive language disorders by providing cognitive strategies for hearing and understanding spoken language.

• Developmental Teacher/Special Instructor (SI): An SI or developmental teacher’s primary focus is to promote skill development across all learning areas including, but not limited to, personal-social, cognitive, and self-help. This most often comes in the form of lesson and materials adaptations and interactions as a means to enhance the environment for success.